T1 Connections Provide Unparalleled Data Transfer Speeds For Businesses

Before we get into T1 internet connections, let?s examine some of the main connection types that are commonly available through which to access the internet. There are dial-up modems that typically can only transfer up to 56 kilobits per second. While this is the original and main way that people connected to the internet during the birth of the information age, the advent of broadband has continued to sweep the world in popularity for its dramatic increase in data transfer rates. Another drawback to using dial-up modems and internet connections is that they require the use of a phone line. This presents a problem for many people that need to use their existing phone line for voice calls and do not want to purchase a second phone line.

As far as broadband, also known as high speed internet, is concerned, there are three types of access. There are DSL, cable and T1 types of high speed internet access. One of the main benefits to using high speed internet access is that these types of connections are ?always on? and do not tie up a phone line.

DSL stands for digital line subscriber and is the more commonly available type of broadband internet access. One of the reasons that DSL is more popular than cable internet is that the DSL signal travels over regular phone lines without tying up the voice portion of the line. DSL requires the use of a DSL modem and offers data transfer speed up to one hundred times faster than dial-up internet connections. One of the disadvantages of DSL, contrasted to cable internet, is that distance from the hub can pose a problem. If the distance between the DSL center and the end user is too great, the performance of the connection will begin to suffer or quit working altogether.

According to some sources, there are twice as many cable internet subscribers than DSL users. Cable internet subscribers receive comparable performance to that of DSL users in terms of rate of data transmission and similar pricing structures. Instead of traveling over the phone lines, cable internet signals travel along coaxial cable exactly like cable television does. One of the main differences between cable internet and DSL is that many users utilize the same cable with cable internet access. This means that if your cable internet provider has too many subscribers on one line, you will notice slower connection speeds. So, with DSL the main issue is distance from the central office and with cable internet the issue is with how many subscribers share the same line.

T1 connections are most commonly used by large and medium sized business. Most smaller organizations simply cannot afford this type of connection. Typically, a T1 line is split into 24 56 or 64 kilobits per second channels to carry voice and data. While cable internet and DSL theoretically can reach the same speeds as a T1 line, they really never do in practical applications. With a T1 line, you don?t? have to share the line with any other subscribers. This means that you can count on receiving a true 1.5 Megabits per second rate of data transfer.

To find out more information about this topic, please visit T1 Information.

Charlotte Alice represents UK Dropshipper and Online Web Publisher.

Internet: Communication Through Technology Including Video and Audio

Who hasn?t heard about the internet? No one! Unless, of course, you have been living in a cave for the past decade! The internet is the crowning achievement of the Information Age (which is what we call this age we live in). It has completely revolutionized how we communicate and how we live.

But what exactly is this thing we call the internet? In a nutshell, the internet is the interconnection of computers around the world. It allows users of these computers to communicate in a variety of ways: through email, streaming conferencing, website information, file sharing, and others.

For you to connect to the internet, you will need a computer and a connection to an ISP (Internet Service Provider). Your ISP will provide you with a connection and the means to connect to the internet.

The internet started out as a project of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US Department of Defense), which was commissioned by the Pentagon to look into the uses of networking for military purposes in 1960. From there, the internet was steadily developed to benefit the whole populace.

In the beginning, the internet could only chug along at a low data transfer rate. Today, ISPs offer speeds from 56 kilobytes per second to 10 megabytes per second or more! This allows people to transfer more data which facilitates better communication.

The internet impacts so much of our daily lives that it has become indispensable to so many people and businesses.

Uses of the Internet

1. E-mail ? Gone are the days when people had to wait weeks or even months to receive postal mail! With the internet, an email can be sent and reach its destination instantaneously! E-mails have made the world a smaller place, allowing people separated by great distances to correspond.

2. Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms ? Services such as AIM, Yahoo Messenger, MSN Messenger, and Skype allow people to send messages instantaneously, much like a phone conversation, but using written messages. There are also ?virtual rooms? on the internet facilitated by services developed for this reason. These ?rooms? allow many users to chat using written messages.

3. Webpages ? Webpages are like virtual homes on the internet. They allow people to post documents on the internet that are easy to browse through and navigate. As time haspassed by, webpages have gained more functionality. Today you can download files, submit files and comments, and do all your shopping online.

Webpages serve many functions: some promote businesses, some are purely informational, and some become money making vehicles. The internet spawned what we now call e-commerce. This involves purchasing over the internet. You can even use online payment methods such as PayPal, Paydot and other methods.

4. Streaming Services and File Sharing ? The internet also allows file sharing. This allows you to share files with other users. These files may be large or small. Streaming services allow you to receive data such as radio feeds, or even video feeds over the internet.

A Brave New World

In the past, the internet was limited to large institutions. Now residential internet has become more affordable. Today?s technology even allows mobile internet! You could surf the internet from a mobile device such as a cell phone, or you could surf from your laptop in areas that offer Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity). The internet makes instant communication with the rest of the world possible. In the next few years we will see much more.

David Arnold Livingston is an entrepreneur with many years
of successful business experience. For tips on finding the
ideal internet resources, he recommends: Fore Internet

Less Caffeine More Internet Through WildBlue

You need to visit a website loaded with pictures, animations and music. You click on the link. You go and put on the coffee. You wait. When it's done, you pour yourself some and carry it to your desk. You take a sip. It needs more sugar. You go back and stir it in. Take another sip. Yes, it's good. Pour some more. Carry it back again. Hmmm, the page is only half loaded yet. Ok, time to go back and make a sandwich.

Does the above describe your experience with the Internet? If yes, read on. See if the following checklist of symptoms applies to your situation.

1.You have built a mental list of websites you can't visit ? they'd take ages to load.

2.You compose your e-mails beforehand in a word processor, and then connect via dial-up and copy-paste the whole thing into your web-based email service's 'compose' page. There's no sense in trying to write/edit your text online, on a slow, timed connection.

3.You've heard fairy tales about all the goodies the Internet has to offer you. You never go near them. They weren't really meant for you.

4.You have developed this habit of avoiding links to music, videos, pictures etc., because your connection just isn't good enough for them.

5.You ask your friends not to send you pictures or large attachments via e-mail because they take hours to get downloaded, and often your connection breaks halfway through and you have to reconnect and start all over again.

Does the above more or less accurately describe your relationship with the internet?

Then it's time for you to forget obsolete dial-up technology and move to something that'll really let you 'surf' the web at blazing speeds, instead of dragging yourself through it. Yes, you know about DSL and cable, but these never seem to arrive in your area. Of course, the connection needs to be affordable too. You have heard great things of satellite Internet, but aren't those things too expensive?

Not now. Not any more.

Now, there's WildBlue.

You have always wanted to get broadband Internet, but cable or DSL just don't seem to arrive in your area. Which leaves you stuck with clicking on the dial-up icon on your desktop, and making coffee and sandwiches while you have an interesting site loading up.

Now, if only there were something that'd let you connect at 20 times the speed of dialup. If only there were no click-click-clicking on the boring old dial-up icon. If only there were no disconnects, no more need to avoid video links, no copy-pasting, no more making that coffee which you didn't really need, but only the pure internet, unrestricted, rich, lightning fast, waiting for you to jump in and enjoy the show. No matter where you are in the US, no matter if there's a DSL or cable provider in your area. What you really need is satellite Internet, but you have heard it's too costly.

Good news for you ? satellite Internet is just what you need, and satellite Internet is what you'll get from WildBlue. At very affordable prices, and speeds comparable to cable or DSL but with the additional benefits of a wireless connection, this is the perfect Internet solution for your home or your business. It's an always-on connection, which means you don't need to connect every time you want to do something on the net. Satellite technology does away with the barrier between you and the Internet, and connects the two seamlessly together.

All you need is a small satellite receiver dish to be set up in your home, and a satellite modem, both of which shall be provided by WildBlue. It's amazing how fast the certified technicians can set up the equipment. The dish can be set up on the roof, in the ground or on an outside wall. All you need is a Windows or Macintosh computer that the technicians will soon prepare for the connection, while you sit back and watch. You can expect to start your new Internet experience the very same day as the equipment arrives.

What's more, all your existing software will continue to work with WildBlue satellite Internet. WildBlue gives you free space on the web for uploading your own material, and multiple e-mail addresses. It supports a broad variety of browsers, e-mail clients and other internet-related programs. You can even continue to use your existing service provider's e-mail addresses ? you'll need to talk to them for terms and conditions.

So what are you waiting for? With the help of WildBlue, cut down on your coffee making and start enjoying the Internet like it was meant to be!

For more information on WildBlue Internet access visit www.mywildblue.com

WildBlue is offering cable modem or DSL-like services where cable modem and DSL don't reach. If you have always wanted to get broadband internet, but cable or DSL just don't seem to arrive in your area, get WildBlue! Visit http://www.mywildblue.com for more information.

CNN Partner Hotel Specials

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Broadband Internet Access What is in It for You?

The Internet is the vogue of the day and the wave of the future. So much has been seen and heard about the Internet. It has revolutionized almost every part of our existence, from the way we think to how we buy and sell things. But even with all the technology that has gone into the making of the Internet, there seems to be more to be expected than has been seen.

The Internet is like a cyber library. It is a huge international network of computers with tons and tons of information. The means of accessing the information contained in the Internet varies. The earliest Internet access was the Dial up method.

The Dial-up Internet connection involves an Internet access over a public switch telephone network. With the dial-up connection, users in a neighborhood share the available bandwidth provided by single cable line. The connection speed usually varies depending on how many people are using the service at any particular time.

More advancement in technology gave birth to the Broadband Internet connection option. Broadband is a high-speed transmission. It is used to refer to Internet access, which uses cable modems or DSL (Digital Subscriber Line). Broadband DSL connections are faster and more effective compared to dial-up connections.

The Broadband technology can support a wide range of frequencies. Broadband in general refers to data transmission where multiple pieces of data are sent simultaneously to increase the effective rate of transmission.

The medium through which the broadband technology is based has the ability to transmit multiple pieces of data simultaneously and to carry signals from different network carriers. This is done through fiber-optic cables. The fiber-optic cables are made of thin glass strands and have the capacity of transmitting trillions of bits per second.

The broadband, therefore makes access to the internet faster and more efficient. Because of the high-speed transmission, retrieving information from the internet has become really fast and efficient.

The speed of data transmission over the DSL is measured in Megabytes per second (Mbps). With broadband connection, the threshold frequency varies from one provider to the other. It ranges from 1.5Mbps or as high as 45Mbps with some providers. Although the broadband Internet access option costs more than the conventional Dial-up connection, you will enjoy what you are paying for. The speed and efficiency of connection is something you won't want to miss. Besides this, most cable companies operating broadband connections would normally allow you the luxury of being online 24/7 and on the phone for a flat monthly rate. You can always plan your budget to accommodate the few extra bucks for this luxury.

The other part of the story is how do you choose a reputable operator out of the multitude out there. When it comes to this, there are several things to consider and compare before making your choice. Of course, you will need to compare prices, that comes up first, but do not forget other factors like, speed of connection, abilities and credibility of the operator, additional features that comes with your purchase and the ease of use of their service. There are Internet companies that will offer additional features like Spam blockers, virus scan and even firewalls. All these should be considered before you make a purchase. Whatever you choice remember that you are spending your hard earned bucks, you deserve the best service, take your time to get the best and enjoy the new era of internet connection via the broadband technology.

Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Broadband

Broadband Booster Can Improve VoIP Quality

Although cable broadband internet is a whole lot faster than dialup, I usually experience a slight delay when opening a webpage. Perhaps most people don't notice the latency associated with cable internet, but as a former DSL user it got my attention right away. I noticed a distinct difference in speed between cable and DSL, but I realized I had to live with it in order to use internet phone service in the most economical way. DSL requires a phone line, which requires telephone service - so if you want to replace your land line phone with low cost internet phone service, the only option is to use cable or T-1 for internet. With my internet phone up and running over cable broadband, the voice quality was better than expected. I noticed no big difference between VoIP and my land line phone, but did experience dropped calls and incomplete calls periodically. This is due to the latency in my broadband connection, but since VoIP saves me over $500 a year (unlimited calling for less than $20 a month) an occasional dropped call is fine with me!

While flipping through a computer magazine, I spotted an ad for the Hawking Broadband Booster. This device is designed to eliminate the lag in your internet connection by monitoring the data that is coming and going and re-prioritizing the packets. It installs between your cable modem and router, and acts like a traffic cop, eliminating congestion by ensuring that both router and modem get nice even streams of data. In an attempt to decrease the latency with my cable modem, I decided to try out this device. Although it is a bit pricy ($70 - $100), I figured I could always return it if it didn't work as claimed.

The broadband booster was really easy to install (just connect two cables and restart your cable modem) and required no configuration whatsoever. The device is tiny (2 X 4) and weighs only an ounce or so. I noticed an immediate improvement in my internet connection, although there is still a very slight lag. In the past several weeks I have logged nearly 3000 minutes on my VoIP service and have not experienced any dropped or incomplete calls. I am very satisfied with the Hawking Broadband Booster (HBB1), and recommend it to anyone using broadband and/or internet phone service. Although I am not a gamer, the company claims it really helps with online playing as well. Many people with satellite internet cannot use VoIP due to the inconsistent satellite signal. If satellite internet is your only choice for broadband, it may be worth your while to give this little device a try.

? 2005 Debbie Jacobsen, all rights reserved

To learn more about Packet8 VoIP service , visit http://www.savewith8.com. For more information on VoIP internet phone service, visit my blog: http://www.djvoip.blogspot.com. Internet Phone Service - The Future is Here.

How to Get Free Broadband (HighSpeed) Internet Service

Right now, 89% of U.S. households are capable of getting broadband service. That number is only increasing.

Now, there is a way that you can get free high-speed Internet service and come out ahead with extra money in your pocket...

You can take it out of your phone bill.

Are you thinking Huh?

Let me explain...

Most people are paying too much for their phone service. Add to that the cost of dial-up Internet service, and many people pay almost $100 monthly in phone expenses!

You actually can eliminate the phone company, have better phone service, gain high-speed Internet service and have money left over.

They way to do this is simple: Get high-speed Internet from the cable company and then digital phone service from a VoIP provider.

Don't bite on the cable company's offer for inexpensive phone service with their package. Go for the special TV rate or something else.

Your total bill for the broadband plus digital phone should be less than what you now pay. This way you'll gain the broadband Internet service free.

Digital phone service or VoIP (voice over Internet Protocol) is a way of eliminating the old phone company. That's because the phone signal goes through the Internet instead of the old phone wires and switching stations.

You can use the phones you now own and don't have to be at your computer with a headset on.

Most digital phone plans offer every feature imaginable, included long distance at no additional cost. The basic phone rates are low and there are very few taxes.

There is more information including a checklist for selecting a digital phone provider on our web site.

Digital phone service also works over DSL. Since DSL operates through the local phone lines, you won't be able to completely eliminate using the old phone company.

With DSL, you could eliminate the long distance plan now have. In this case, your digital phone number would have to be an additional one to your home. You could still gain the other benefits of digital phone service, and add a phone line this way.

In this scenario, you would have your DSL (with local phone service by default), then use your digital phone line for all you long distance calls. You should still save money while gaining broadband service and an additional phone line. This savings will be less than if you used cable for your Internet.

With DSL for your VoIP broadband, you can easily use several phone handsets through the digital system in your home. This is easy to set up. Just plug a handset base into the small box that you receive when you get the digital phone service. Your computer plugs in there also. Then you can operate several portable handsets from that base.

If you have cable broadband and don't use them for local phone service, then you can easily use the existing phone wiring and phones that are in your home right now for all your digital calls.

You'll have the best savings and greatest simplification by using cable for your broadband and NOT using them for you phone service- use a separate digital phone provider.

In the past, 911 service was an issue with digital phone service. That has been resolved with the E911 database. This growing database links your digital phone number to your address. Only responsible digital phone providers will sell service to customers in the E911 coverage area. Soon, this won't be a problem, as E911 will cover the entire United States.

If you visit our site, we can recommend a responsible VoIP provider.

In addition, a few digital phone networks are capable of using video phones. Imagine being able to see the face of the person you are talking to in real-time across the globe!

There is also information about that on our site.

This is a great strategy to gain services and features and save money.

For more information about saving money, shopping for digital phone or video phone services, be sure to visit our site.

Copyright 2006. All Rights Reserved

Paul Myers is President of Ph.Developments USA, Inc. and webmaster of

http://www.video-phone-home.com/

A site dedicated to helping people discover video phones and save money on telecommunication services.

Free Internet Dial Up Access

As the influence and use of the Internet continues to revolutionize the way we live our lives, Internet access has become an important necessity for most people. As Internet connection technologies progress, we can now access the Internet at lightning-fast speeds through a broadband Internet access. However, broadband Internet is still quite expensive. Is there still a free or inexpensive way to connect to the Internet? Yes there is.

Although Internet dialup access is the slowest type of Internet connection, it is also the easiest and most economical way to connect to the Internet. All you need, aside from a computer, is a modem and a telephone line. If you have a limited budget or don?t want to spend too much on Internet access dialup is the best option. And if you are really conscious of you budget, you will be pleased to know that you can also access the Internet using a dialup connection for free.

Some Internet service providers offer free Internet dialup access as part of their services. All you need to do is dial the ISP?s free Internet access numbers, and you can surf the Internet for free. ISPs also offer dialup Internet access with either a per-minute rate or a fixed monthly rate. However, free Internet dialup access is not entirely free since your usage on your phone line will most likely reflect on your next phone bill. Nevertheless, free Internet dialup access is the most cost-effective way to connect to the World Wide Web.

If you wish to save on Internet costs and opt for a free Internet dialup access, you can ask the Internet service providers in your area if they offer such services. You can also look online for the best free Internet access deals. Some sites provide information on free Internet dialup access numbers that you can use.

Internet Dial Up Access provides detailed information on Internet Dial Up Access, Free Internet Dial Up Access, Internet Dial Up Access Providers, Internet Dial Up Access Numbers and more. Internet Dial Up Access is affiliated with Internet Access Providers.

More On Meeting Your Bandwidth Requirements For Supply Chain Management Applications

As I pointed out in a previous article, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a complex animal. The key to a successful SCM implementation is a clear understanding of the business objectives and business requirements of the company the SCM primarily supports. This often includes a number of legacy systems which need to be integrated into the solution. From this will come the technical objectives to be met and the technical requirements that frame the solution. Only then will the commmunication requirements for bandwidth capacity, reliability, resiliancy, latency, security, and expandability be meaningful.

Here's just 2 such technical aspects.....

Frame Relay

Frame relay initially had several advantages over the alternative solutions for SCM and other multi site and multi company communications networks.

The first advantage was with circuit costs. For a multi site network, the traditional approach was a large number of point to point circuits. Each circuit required a router port, a CSU, and often a circuit monitoring module. With milage based pricing, each circuit represented a significant recurring cost on top of the initial hardware costs. Router sizing was often a factor of ports supported rather than performance capability.

Frame relay exchanged the point to point circuit costs with an access circuit, typically at less than 1/10th of the cost. With port speeds from DS0 to DS3, multiple sites could be connected with a single port at each site. A partial or full mesh, even with full redundancy, could be accomplished with very few router ports and CSU at each site. This represented significant capital savings.

Using fractional T1 and T3 on the access circuits, frame relay made expanding capacity between sites relatively painless. Port changes within the frame relay provider's network was often a configuration change. Expanding the actual circuits was typically a configuration change on the CSU and DACS.

Adding new sites was often accomplished with physical changes at the new site only. The new PVC across the frame relay network and at the existing site(s) was a configuration change. Depending on the routers used and the routing protocol implemented, this might be accomplished without a maintenance window.

The PVC approach allowed for additional security. A given location could be directed to a specific port within the DMZ, limiting the exposure of one's own network to other vendors within the SCM network. Firewalls at each end allowed each company to control its own security. The frame relay network was vulnerable to external monitoring at very few points, and the relationship of PVC traffic to specific customer required specific network design information.

Frame relay offered the ability to have a disaster recovery site support multiple locations. PVC between the disaster location and other locations could be defined in the configuration, allowing dynamic implementation of the disaster recovery network.

As a circuit protocol, frame relay functions independent of other protocols. This segmentation allowed IPX, IP, SNA, and other system communications protocols to be implemented over the same paths. If desired, each of these could have its own PVC and bandwidth, or they could all operate over a common path. Finally, the bandwidth and performance could be established specifically to site pairs on a PVC basis.

For a vendor that participated in multiple SCM networks, frame relay represented real cost savings. Instead of a new circuit for each network, a PVC could be established. Instead of 6 week circuit installation delays, service could be established in hours.

----

So why the past tense? The advantages of frame relay are now achieved via the Internet. The timeframes for implementation have been reduced from hours to minutes. Encryption has advanced beyond the security offered by isolated paths. Advances in application based routing can achieve availablity assurances. Legacy protocols have been largely replaced by IP.

There are still times when frame relay is the best choice based on business requirements or technical constraints. But a robust bandwidth network (e.g. OC3 or OC12 bandwidth....perhaps with GigE connectivity) applying IP protocols will enable a seemless flow of information without risking security concerns.

Emerging Technologies

The most notable is Radio Frequency Identification, or RFID. RFID tags are essentially barcodes on steroids. Whereas barcodes only identify the product, RFID tags can tell what the product is, where it has been, when it expires, whatever information someone wishes to program it with. RFID technology is going to generate mountains of data about the location of pallets, cases, cartons, totes and individual products in the supply chain. It's going to produce oceans of information about when and where merchandise is manufactured, picked, packed and shipped. It's going to create rivers of numbers telling retailers about the expiration dates of their perishable items?numbers that will have to be stored, transmitted in real-time and shared with warehouse management, inventory management, financial and other enterprise systems. In other words, it is going to have a really big impact.

Another benefit of RFIDs is that, unlike barcodes, RFID tags can be read automatically by electronic readers. Imagine a truck carrying a container full of widgets entering a shipping terminal in China. If the container is equipped with an RFID tag, and the terminal has an RFID sensor network, that container?s whereabouts can be automatically sent to Widget Co. without the truck ever slowing down. It has the potential to add a substantial amount of visibility into the extended supply chain.

Right now the two biggest hurdles to widespread RFID adoption are the cost of building the infrastructure and the lack of agreed-upon industry standards. But regardless...RFID implementation will be bandwidth intensive to retrieve and disseminate the mountain of information such a tool will provide.

Summary

The answer to how to meet bandwidth requirements for SCM applications is as complex as ever. The addition of emerging technologies like RFID into the mix of legacy point-to-point approaches, the frame relay darling, and the simplification afforded by OCx backed IP protocols....means your IT staff will be pegging their stress meter trying to make a decision. To navigate the aspect involving researching and acquiring the right bandwidth solution....do yourself a favor. Use the services of an independent unbiased consultant such as DS3-Bandwidth.com to navigate the minefield for you. Your IT staff will love you for it.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including Business-VoIP-Solution.com Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

What's The Difference Between DS3 And T3 Bandwidth?

Don't be confused about the difference between DS3 and T3 circuits. These terms are really synonymous. Instead you should focus on what they can do for you...and the best scenarios for application.

Digital Signal (DS) is a system of classifying digital circuits according to the rate and format of the signal (DS) and the equipment providing the signals (T). DS and T designations have come to be used synonymously so that DS1 implies T1, and DS3 implies T3.

A DS3 line (also known as a T-3) is an ultra high-speed connection capable of transmitting data at rates up to 45 Mbps. A DS3 line is equal to approximately 672 regular voice-grade telephone lines, which is fast enough to transmit full-motion, real-time video, and very large databases over a busy network. A DS3 line is typically installed as a major networking artery for large corporations and universities with high-volume network traffic. Other example applications include large call centers, enterprise wide VoIP and IP PBX systems, Internet service providers, research labs, video conference centers and software development companies. A DS3 is the second fastest, non optical connection offered in North America. A DS3 line is comprised of 28 T1 lines, each operating at total signaling rate of 1.544 Mbps.

DS3 circuits provide businesses and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) with up to 45 Mb/s of dedicated Internet connectivity. This is an ideal solution for users who have outgrown their T1 connections and are in search of unlimited, high-capacity access. A DS3 line actually consists of 672 individual channels, each of which supports 64 Kb/s. DS3 lines are extremely high bandwidth connections into a carrier's backbone. They typically include SLAs (Service Level Agreements) that guarantee uptime and performance.

The DS3 signal itself is composed of 28 DS1 signals and is constructed using a two-step multiplexing process. First, the 28 DS1 signals are multiplexed into seven DS2 signals. Second, the seven DS2 signals are multiplexed into one DS3 signal. Each multiplexing step uses bit stuffing to handle the different input frequencies. Overhead bits provide alignment, error checking, in-band communications, and bit stuffing control information.

Line rate: 44,736,000 b/s
Signals: 7 DS2 signals = 28 DS1 signals
Overhead bits:
56 bits total/frame
F-bits (framing) 28 bits/
M-bits (multiframing) 3 bits/
C-bits (stuffing) 21 bits
X-bits (message) 2 bits/
P-bits (parity) 2 bits/
Data bits between overhead bits 84

A DS3 connection is comprised up of two monthly charges: the local loop and the port charge. The local loop charge is the cost of the circuit provided by the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) that allows DS3 access into the carrier's network. The loop charge is based on the distance from the customer's location to the edge of the carrier's network; the farther the customer is from the network, the more the loop will cost. Nearly every carrier prices loops differently so it is in your best interest to price DS3 service with several providers to ensure that you get the best deal.

DS Internet Access is the ideal solution for businesses that require high-bandwidth access at a reduced price. Whether you host high-traffic Web sites, support Web hosting or need high-capacity bandwidth on an as-needed basis, there's a level of DS3 service (Full or fractional) that will meet your needs. Fractional to full DS3 or T3 circuits run from speeds of 3 Mbps up to 45 Mbps.

For customers that require more bandwidth than a T1 line can provide but do not yet require the capacity of a full DS3 line, a fractional DS3 connection is the ideal solution. A fractional DS3 is similar to a full DS(T)3, only with some of the channels turned off. This reduces the total monthly cost and provides additional capacity that can be turned up in a matter of days. Unfortunately, the DS3 (T) loop is still required for this service.

If a full DS3 line is more bandwidth that you really need, it is also possible to get Fractional DS3, which gives you a portion of full DS3 bandwidth at a lower cost. Of course, DS3 is also available in multiples to increase bandwidth, similar to bonded T1 service.

DS3 service can be deployed for a wide verity of applications. The most common uses are DS3 point-to-point, DS3 internet, DS3 frame relay, DS3 voice and DS3 VPN. The pricing for these connections varies widely depending on the carrier, location of service and the application for which the connection is being used. Visit DS3 Bandwidth to obtain current real time rate quotes for your location.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

Broadband Satellite Internet

Broadband satellite Internet has provided hope for rural subscribers who are outside the coverage areas of most Internet service providers. Most home subscribers opt for cable and DSL Internet connections. But in areas which are not under the range of the high-speed broadband connection, or where dial-up access is extremely slow, satellite broadband Internet is a boon. The technology has been there for a long time, but it has evolved in more recent times.

The connection does not use wire, but requires an intermediary satellite. Requests are logged through a home computer and a special satellite modem to a satellite dish, which is installed on the roof of the subscriber?s office or house. These signals are sent or received from the dish satellite to an orbiting satellite, which in turn sends or transmits information to the dish satellite at the service provider?s office. The connection speed is a little less in comparison to DSL and cable Internet connections. This can be a drawback while using certain applications, such as real-time interactive games.

However, does not affect web surfing and sighting. A lot of these shortcomings can be overcome by using a signal amplifier, to cater to external or climatic disturbance and signal locators, to catch signals faster. Some other problems associated with satellite broadband Internet connections are that the installation charge for the dish satellite and the monthly subscription charges are a bit expensive, in comparison to DSL and cable connections.

The satellite dish being installed outside on the roof is liable to damage due to climatic conditions like rain and high-intensity wind. The expenses required for setting up the right kind of infrastructure for the rural subscribers has been one more reason for the technological lag in this area. Despite all of these shortcomings it is the best option for those who are placed at a geographically disadvantaged condition, and the promise of a better future lies ahead.

Broadband Internet provides detailed information on Broadband Internet, Broadband Internet Access, Broadband Satellite Internet, Broadband Internet Providers and more. Broadband Internet is affiliated with Broadband Speeds.

Does More Bandwidth For Your Business IT Application Mean More Speed? Not Always.

For the higher bandwidth pipes like OC3 and above....there are very few business situations where bandwidth increases have a significant impact on speed.

Bandwidth plays but one part in the issue of IT performance, and in particular speed as perceived by the users. It is important to understand that transmission control protocol, the TCP in TCP/IP, plays a much bigger role.

The job of TCP is to provide reliable data delivery. It was developed back when circuits were predominately analog and errors were common. Of course, the data flow was significantly different as well and consisted mostly of small strings of text. TCP regulates the flow of data between end points using an aggressive correction algorithm that is very sensitive to errors and latency.

The impact of TCP on speed begins with just a 10 msec latency. An OC-3 bandwidth pipe (155 Mbps) has a theoretical throughput of about 19 MBps, assuming maximum packet sizes and minimal IP and routing overheads. That OC-3 pipe with 10 msec round trip delay will have a maximum throughput of about 6 MBps. Add an error rate of 1%, and that drops to 2 MBps. That 1% is between nodes, so it includes any errors from premise wiring as well as any errors across the WAN. If the latency is 100 msec, the maximum throughput on that OC-3 pipe is about 500 KBps. This is all TCP related and excludes any processing time on either node. A DS-3 bandwidth pipe (45 Mbps) can almost achieve that same rate of performance.

Now that is all assuming only two devices communicating for the duration of the data transfer. As the device count increases, the impact of congestion increases. Still, circuit congestion is rarely the problem with business IT performance.

Regardless, most applications never come close to achieving maximum performance. In most cases with 780 Kbps connectivity or higher, the communications delay represents less than 10 percent of the total time for any IT task. The remainder of the time is with processing at either end. Likewise, few applications optimize their data content to take the best advantage of the available bandwidth. The payload in most packets is full of application overhead from poorly optimized processing.

Before leasing more circuit capacity, know what you are using (percentage of capacity), how you are using it (usage by application), and what speed issue you are fighting (task analysis). With this information, you can determine if you need more bandwidth, less latency, application optimization, or maybe a jump off of TCP for some specific requirements.

To navigate through the complex assessment and decision process for determining the appropriate bandwidth configuration for your business IT application(s)....I strongly encourage the aid of an unbiased independent consultant. The technical advisior team at DS3-Bandwidth.com will provide this service to you at no cost. Just one less issue for you to worry about.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.

SBC DSL: A Good Choice for High Speed Internet

What is the best way for me to go about getting high speed internet in my house? I searched on line and through the yellow pages, only to find that there are an uncountable number of high speed internet options out there. However, as I sifted through all of the consumer sites and user reviews, I found that SBC DSL may, indeed, be the best bet for bringing high speed internet to my home office.

According to many a review, SBC DSL is the most reliable DSL service out there. They also happen to be the largest in many major metropolitan areas in the country, or at least those serviced by Southwestern Bell. SBC DSL has a spectacular reputation among consumers for having technologically advanced products, great customer service, and good competitive prices on their service. The only drawback I could find is that several SBC DSL customers found setting up a home network to be difficult. However, by simply converting to wireless internet, you can solve that problem and still have your SBC DSL connection all over your home.

A big advantage of SBC DSL is that in most cases you can get a free modem and setup. Setup can be one of the more frustrating parts of getting high speed internet, especially if you are not technically savvy. Many companies charge a setup fee, so that savings alone can make SBC DSL attractive to you. Installation can be difficult, and there is charge for that. However, if you do it yourself they waive the fee and you will still have access to the very knowledgeable and helpful SBC DSL customer service representatives.

Many high speed and DSL internet companies will not be willing to give you a firm date as to when you can get your connection taken care of. That is another way that SBC DSL is different. Once you place an order you are given an installation date, which is as a general rule about six business days out from when you call. Such convenience and up front commitment from a company makes it easier for you to arrange your schedule around setup and installation plenty of time in advance without fear that you will have to make more last minute changes to your busy schedule.

There are a ton of high speed internet options out there today. There are cable internet, DSL companies, wireless internet over cell phone signals, and even high speed dial up connections. Each one tells you that it is the best for converting your office or home to high speed internet connection. Which, though, is the best? That is hard to say definitively as prices and services vary by area, but the one with the best reputation around is SBC DSL. By offering friendly representatives, good competitive pricing, and commitment to service, SBC DSL is a model high speed internet service. They will allow you to go to high speed without the worry of setup, installation, and whether or not you will be able to get in touch with someone the next time you have a problem with the service. That peace of mind is as valuable as anything else.

If you would like the latest information on high speed internet, or find more of my personal articles like the one you just read, visit my computing site.

Wifi Hotspot Locations for Sale..is that a Good Thing?

Recent companies have been advertising wifi hotspot locations that are 'turnkey' (they can run themselves), and only cost between $13,000 and $20,000 to start. Is that good?

First of all, if it's so turnkey then why aren't they just popping off wifi hotspot locations left and right for themselves, is it their newfound generosity that has them 'sharing' the opportunities they have available. I'm not knocking the possibility of some companies to provide a business model, like in the restaurant business where they allow you to own a branded franchise for an initial investment in order to spread out locations in a more easier return on investment. However, wifi locations normally have an additional service or product that acts as an anchor for customers to come in and use the benefit of wi-fi to connect to the Internet thru broadband high speed access. Starbucks and Hilton Hotels are prime examples of a business model that has customers coming in for a service or product and then using wifi access as a secondary product/service.

Secondly, the potential for wifi hotspots cannot be limited to a cookie-cutter system that will fit everyone, after all if that were the case the other auto makers wouldn't be in business and we would still be driving 'Model T' Fords. Not to mention the fact that if you open a business with only wifi access as the only product/service available and then the community, town or city where your business is located decides to wirelessly enable the public transportation system like in the southern California city of Cerritos; guess what - your business just got knocked the flip out.

African American small business people have resources, and some may believe those resources are unlimited. But if you shell out $20,000 for a new business and after 6 months get locked out of your client base by a larger business or business model, you have lost more than your investment. A wifi business is not something that can be advanced as able to stand on it's own in the present day. In the example above the city of Cerritos is delivering wifi along with it's transportation system, which should probably increase ridership as people will opt to ride and check their email or just finish up a project as they go to work or to shop.

Look carefully at starting to use wifi in your business, research and see if there is a potential for competition to knock you client base out of the ballpark. Even then, when is your competition going to implement their wifi access and see if you have time to enhance your wifi service with coupons or other attractive services that may not be available to your competition. Wifi access will become a very powerful business asset in the coming year and more so in the future. Now is the time to get your feet wet, just check out your options in order not to get drowned out of business.

We can help give you your freedom back...and a whole lot more. M.D.T.G.

Daviyd Peterson: 10-year consultant, instructor, trainer
Helps african american SMBs bridge the digital divide by becoming wireless Small Office Digital Offices (SODO). Free article on Home Wireless Internet Security and other related articles http://www.mogendaviydtechgroup.com/firewallsmb.htm See a video where big time firewalls duke it out!

DS3 Bandwidth Pricing Is Getting Cheaper How To Best Take Advantage

The predicted end to dropping DS3 bandwidth pricing is premature as the downward pricing trend continues. Service providers are up against stiffer competition and are desperate for new customers to fill their pipes and turn a profit. If you're ready to negotiate for a rock bottom price, first consider a few of the reasons for the drop in price on DS3 bandwith. A little preperation will allow you to take best advantage of the situation.

DS3 bandwidth pricing had reduced as companies have gone out of business and the large number of telecommunications companies are fighting for a place in a smaller market. While many service providers did have room to lose margin, many have come dangerously close to the edge of selling circuits at a loss and many have gone beyond this point. It seems that in the race to the bottom many providers failed to learn the lesson that selling at a loss does not create a long lasting and healthy company no matter how many circuits or widgets you sell. Many companies selling at a loss have already been in bankruptcy and look like they will repeat this exercise as they did not learn from their first go around. So, solvency of the DS3 bandwidth provider should be a consideration when looking at great bargains.

Another consideration in bargain shopping for DS3 service is the fact that all DS3's are not created equal. Many providers are convinced (and rightly so) that customers are focused on price and are not concerned with quality of service. Many providers are now oversubscribing DS3 service connections as though they were DSL connections. This means you may not get the bandwidth you thought you would get. Make sure when you look for that bargain price you also review the SLA (Service Level Agreement) and make sure the contract protects you and guarantees you will get the bandwidth to which they committed. Remember, when bargain hunting for DS3 service you'll most likely get what you pay for.

So the general moral to the story is by all means do negotiate for the best price you can get. But....ensure that critical factors such as reliability, Service Level Agreement, QoS, and scalability are met in addition to price attractiveness. For this I receommend sticking with a Tier1 provider for best price AND piece of mind. It just makes business sense.

Michael is the owner of FreedomFire Communications....including DS3-Bandwidth.com and Business-VoIP-Solution.com. Michael also authors Broadband Nation where you're always welcome to drop in and catch up on the latest BroadBand news, tips, insights, and ramblings for the masses.